lfs-7.7学习笔记(3)构建 LFS 系统
lfs-7.7学习笔记(3)构建 LFS 系统
四、构建 LFS 系统
4.1.1 创建挂载文件系统的目录
使用root用户执行:
mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}
4.1.2 创建初始设备节点
mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3
4.1.3 挂载和激活 /dev
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
4.1.4 挂载虚拟文件系统
mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
4.2 进入chroot环境
chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
/tools/bin/bash --login +h
这时bash的提示符是“I have no name!”
4.3 创建标准的目录树
mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -v /usr/libexec
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64
ln -sv lib /usr/lib64
ln -sv lib /usr/local/lib64 ;;
esac
mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
ln -sv /run /var/run
ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}
4.4 创建必需的文件和符号链接
4.4.1 创建符号链接
ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib
sed 's/tools/usr/' /tools/lib/libstdc++.la > /usr/lib/libstdc++.la
ln -sv bash /bin/sh
ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab
4.4.2 创建/etc/passwd和/etc/group
cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:72:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/bin/false
systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/bin/false
systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/bin/false
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
EOF
创建/etc/group文件:
cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
systemd-journal:x:23:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
nogroup:x:99:
users:x:999:
EOF
4.4.3 移除“I have no name!”
在当前shell中执行:
exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h
4.4.4 初始化日志文件件并设置权限:
touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp
4.5开始安装软件
宿主系统的/opt/lfs/sources在进入chroot环境后变为/sources,需进入该目录解压编译软件。
推荐在make完成后进行make check进行测试,我这里为节省时间,省略了这一步骤
4.5.1 安装Linux API头文件
cd /sources/linux-3.19
make mrproper
make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install
find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
cp -rv dest/include/* /usr/include
4.5.2 安装 Man-pages
tar -xf man-pages-3.79.tar.xz && cd man-pages-3.79
make install
4.5.3 安装和配置Glibc
4.5.3.1 安装Glibc
打FHS兼容性补丁:
cd /sources/glibc-2.21
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.21-fhs-1.patch
修正一个影响32位系统的问题:
sed -e '/ia32/s/^/1:/' \
-e '/SSE2/s/^1://' \
-i sysdeps/i386/i686/multiarch/mempcpy_chk.S
准备编译:
cd ../glibc-build && rm -rf ./*
../glibc-2.21/configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--disable-profile \
--enable-kernel=2.6.32 \
--enable-obsolete-rpc
编译、测试和安装:
make && make check #make check会有一些fail,多数是正常的
make install
为nscd建立配置文件和运行目录:
cp -v ../glibc-2.21/nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd
为nscd安装系统支持文件:
install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-2.21/nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-2.21/nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service
安装语言环境:
安装全部:
make localedata/install-locales
安装全部会比较久,占用空间也比较大,也可以最小安装:
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
4.5.3.2 配置Glibc
新建/etc/nsswitch.conf :
cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
group: files
shadow: files
: files dns myhostname
networks: files
protocols: files
services: files
ethers: files
rpc: files
# End /etc/nsswitch.conf
EOF
安装时区数据:
tar -xf ../tzdata2015a.tar.gz
ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
done
cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
unset ZONEINFO
设定时区
ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Hong_Kong /etc/localtime
4.5.3.3 配置动态库加载器
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib
EOF
包含指定目录的配置文件:
cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Add an include directory
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
EOF
mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d
4.5.3.4 调整工具链
让新编译的程序使用新的C语言库:
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld
让gcc找到正确的头文件和Glibc启动文件:
gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \
-e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
-e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \
`dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
这里一定要做测试,确保工具链工作正常
4.5.3.5 测试
测试动态链接库的前缀,执行已下内容:
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'
确保输出中路径为/lib或/lib64开头:
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
测试启动文件,执行:
grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log
输出:
/usr/lib/../lib64/crt1.o succeeded
/usr/lib/../lib64/crti.o succeeded
/usr/lib/../lib64/crtn.o succeeded
测试链接器能找到正确的头文件,执行:
grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
输出:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include
测试链接器使用的搜索路径,执行:
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'
输出:
SEARCH_DIR("=/tools/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("=/tools/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib");
测试是否使用正确的libc,执行:
grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log
输出:
attempt to open /lib64/libc.so.6 succeeded
测试GCC 使用的动态链接器,执行:
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
4.5.4 安装zlib
tar -xf zlib-1.2.8.tar.xz && cd zlib-1.2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make check
make install
移动共享库:
mv -v /usr/lib/libz.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libz.so) /usr/lib/libz.so
4.5.5 安装file
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make check
make install
4.5.6 安装 Binutils
确保PTY工作正常:
expect -c "spawn ls"
输出为:
spawn ls
准备编译:
../binutils-2.25/configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--disable-werror
编译并安装:
make tooldir=/usr
make tooldir=/usr install
4.5.7 安装m4
先安装m4,否则按照官方教程在编译GMP时会提示没有m4
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.8安装GMP
tar -xf gmp-6.0.0a.tar.xz && cd gmp-6.0.0
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-cxx --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gmp-6.0.0a
make && make html
测试:
make check 2>&1 | tee gmp-check-log
awk '/tests passed/{total+=$2} ; END{print total}' gmp-check-log
确保188个测试都是成功的
安装:
make install
make install-html
4.5.9 安装 MPFR
tar -xf mpfr-3.1.2.tar.xz && cd mpfr-3.1.2
patch -Np1 -i ../mpfr-3.1.2-upstream_fixes-3.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-thread-safe --docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.2
make && make html
make check
make install && make install-html
4.5.10 安装MPC
tar -xf mpc-1.0.2.tar.gz && cd mpc-1.0.2
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpc-1.0.2
make && make html
make check
make install && make install-html
4.5.11 安装 GCC
准备编译:
mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build
SED=sed \
../gcc-4.9.2/configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--enable-languages=c,c++ \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-bootstrap \
--with-system-zlib
编译并安装:
make && make install
兼容部分希望gcc安装在/lib的软件:
ln -sv ../../usr/bin/cpp /lib
创建cc命令的软链接:
ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc
启用编译程序时进行链接时间优化:
install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/4.9.2/liblto_plugin.so /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/
之后执行4.5.3.5中的测试,输出大体一致,只是相应的路径会不一样,为确保后续编译正常,这个测试一定要做
4.5.12 安装Bzip2
打bzip2安装帮助文档补丁:
patch -Np1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch
确保安装的符号链接是相对链接:
sed -i 's@\(ln -s -f \)$(PREFIX)/bin/@\1@' Makefile
确保man页面安装到正确的位置:
sed -i "s@(PREFIX)/man@(PREFIX)/share/man@g" Makefile
准备编译:
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
编译并安装:
make && make PREFIX=/usr install
创建符号链接:
cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat
4.5.13 安装Pkg-config
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--with-internal-glib \
--disable-host-tool \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/pkg-config-0.28
make && make install
4.5.14 安装 Ncurses
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-shared \
--without-debug \
--enable-pc-files \
--enable-widec
make && make install
移动共享库到/lib
mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib
重建符号链接:
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libncursesw.so) /usr/lib/libncursesw.so
兼容一些应用程序:
for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a
ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
done
ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a
rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a
安装帮助文档:
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9
cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9
4.5.15 安装 Attr
准备编译:
sed -i -e 's|/@pkg_name@|&-@pkg_version@|' include/builddefs.in
sed -i -e "/SUBDIRS/s|man2||" man/Makefile
./configure --prefix=/usr
编译、测试和安装:
make
make -j1 tests root-tests
make install install-dev install-lib
chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libattr.so
移动共享库:
mv -v /usr/lib/libattr.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libattr.so) /usr/lib/libattr.so
4.5.16 安装 Acl
修复一些错误,准备编译:
sed -i -e 's|/@pkg_name@|&-@pkg_version@|' include/builddefs.in
sed -i "s:| sed.*::g" test/{sbits-restore,cp,misc}.test
sed -i -e "/TABS-1;/a if (x > (TABS-1)) x = (TABS-1);" \
libacl/__acl_to_any_text.c
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib
编译并安装:
make
make install install-dev install-lib
chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libacl.so
移动共享库:
mv -v /usr/lib/libacl.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libacl.so) /usr/lib/libacl.so
4.5.17安装 Libcap
编译并安装:
make
make RAISE_SETFCAP=no prefix=/usr install
chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcap.so
移动共享库:
mv -v /usr/lib/libcap.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libcap.so) /usr/lib/libcap.so
4.5.18 安装 Sed
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --htmldir=/usr/share/doc/sed-4.2.2
make && make html
make install && make -C doc install-html
4.5.19 安装 Shadow
取消安装 groups 程序:
sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \;
使用更安全的SHA-512加密:
sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512@' \
-e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs
保持useradd组一致:
sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd
准备编译:
./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --with-group-name-max-length=32
编译并安装:
make && make install
mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin
启用shadow密码和shadow组密码:
pwconv
grpconv
新加用户不创建邮箱文件:
sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd
4.5.20 安装 Psmisc
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
mv -v /usr/bin/fuser /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/killall /bin
4.5.21 安装 Procps-ng
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--exec-prefix= \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-3.3.10 \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill
make && make install
mv -v /usr/bin/pidof /bin
mv -v /usr/lib/libprocps.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libprocps.so) /usr/lib/libprocps.so
4.5.22 安装 E2fsprogs
修复潜在的安全问题:
sed -e '/int.*old_desc_blocks/s/int/blk64_t/' \
-e '/if (old_desc_blocks/s/super->s_first_meta_bg/desc_blocks/' \
-i lib/ext2fs/closefs.c
mkdir -v build && cd build
准备编译:
LIBS=-L/tools/lib \
CFLAGS=-I/tools/include \
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tools/lib/pkgconfig \
../configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--with-root-prefix="" \
--enable-elf-shlibs \
--disable-libblkid \
--disable-libuuid \
--disable-uuidd \
--disable-fsck
编译并安装:
make && make install && make install-libs
chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a
gunzip -v /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info.gz
install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir
/usr/share/info/libext2fs.info
4.5.23 安装 Coreutils
打兼容性补丁:
patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-8.23-i18n-1.patch
touch Makefile.in
准备编译:
FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime
编译并安装:
make && make install
移动文件:
mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin
4.5.24 安装 Iana-Etc
make && make install
4.5.25 安装 Flex
sed -i -e '/test-bison/d' tests/Makefile.in
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/flex-2.5.39
make && make install
ln -sv flex /usr/bin/lex
4.5.26 安装 Bison
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.0.4
make && make install
4.5.27 安装 Grep
修复潜在的安全问题:
sed -i -e '/tp++/a if (ep <= tp) break;' src/kwset.c
编译安装:
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
make && make install
4.5.28 安装 Readline
修复一些bug:
patch -Np1 -i ../readline-6.3-upstream_fixes-3.patch
避免链接错误:
sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in
sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install
编译并安装:
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/readline-6.3
make SHLIB_LIBS=-lncurses
make SHLIB_LIBS=-lncurses install
移动并修正一些链接:
mv -v /usr/lib/lib{readline,history}.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libreadline.so) /usr/lib/libreadline.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libhistory.so ) /usr/lib/libhistory.so
install -v -m644 doc/*.{ps,pdf,html,dvi} /usr/share/doc/readline-6.3
4.5.29 安装 Bash
修复bug:
patch -Np1 -i ../bash-4.3.30-upstream_fixes-1.patch
准备编译:
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-4.3.30 \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline
编译并安装:
make && make install
exec /bin/bash --login +h
4.5.30 安装 Bc
修复内存泄露:
patch -Np1 -i ../bc-1.06.95-memory_leak-1.patch
准备编译:
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--with-readline \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--infodir=/usr/share/info
编译并安装:
make && make install
4.5.31 安装 Libtool
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.32 安装 GDBM
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-libgdbm-compat
make && make install
4.5.33 安装 Expat
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
安装帮助文档
install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/expat-2.1.0
install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,png,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-2.1.0
4.5.34 安装 Inetutils
使ifconfig能正常编译:
echo '#define PATH_PROCNET_DEV "/proc/net/dev"' >> ifconfig/system/linux.h
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-logger \
--disable-whois \
--disable-servers
make && make install
移动文件:
mv -v /usr/bin/{hostname,ping,ping6,traceroute} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/ifconfig /sbin
4.5.35 安装 Perl
创建hosts文件:
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" > /etc/hosts
使用系统的库:
export BUILD_ZLIB=False
export BUILD_BZIP2=0
准备编译:
sh Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr \
-Dvendorprefix=/usr \
-Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
-Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
-Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR" \
-Duseshrplib
编译并安装:
make && make install
unset BUILD_ZLIB BUILD_BZIP2
4.5.36 安装 XML::Parser
perl Makefile.PL
make && make install
4.5.37 安装 Autoconf
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.38 安装automake
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/automake-1.15
make && make install
4.5.39 安装 Diffutils
修复文件安装区域文件:
sed -i 's:= @mkdir_p@:= /bin/mkdir -p:' po/Makefile.in.in
编译:
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.40 安装 Gawk
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/gawk-4.1.1
cp -v doc/{awkforai.txt,*.{eps,pdf,jpg}} /usr/share/doc/gawk-4.1.1
4.5.41 安装 Findutils
./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate
make && make install
mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin
sed -i 's|find:=${BINDIR}|find:=/bin|' /usr/bin/updatedb
4.5.42 安装 Gettext
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gettext-0.19.4
make && make install
4.5.43 安装 Intltool
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
install -v -Dm644 doc/I18N-HOWTO /usr/share/doc/intltool-0.50.2/I18NHOWTO
4.5.44 安装 Gperf
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gperf-3.0.4
make && make install
4.5.45 安装 Groff
PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.46 安装 Xz
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.2.0
make && make install
mv -v /usr/bin/{lzma,unlzma,lzcat,xz,unxz,xzcat} /bin
mv -v /usr/lib/liblzma.so.* /lib
ln -svf ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/liblzma.so) /usr/lib/liblzma.so
4.5.47 安装 GRUB
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sbindir=/sbin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-grub-emu-usb \
--disable-efiemu \
--disable-werror
make && make install
4.5.48 安装 Less
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
make && make install
4.5.49 安装 Gzip
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
make && make install
mv -v /bin/{gzexe,uncompress,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep} /usr/bin
mv -v /bin/{zfgrep,zforce,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew} /usr/bin
4.5.50 安装 IPRoute2
sed -i '/^TARGETS/s@arpd@@g' misc/Makefile
sed -i /ARPD/d Makefile
sed -i 's/arpd.8//' man/man8/Makefile
make
make DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2-3.19.0 install
4.5.51 安装 Kbd
patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-2.0.2-backspace-1.patch
sed -i 's/\(RESIZECONS_PROGS=\)yes/\1no/g' configure
sed -i 's/resizecons.8 //' docs/man/man8/Makefile.in
编译 Kbd:
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tools/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-vlock
make && make install
安装帮助手册:
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.0.2
cp -R -v docs/doc/* /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.0.2
4.5.52 安装 Kmod
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-rootlibdir=/lib \
--with-xz \
--with-zlib
make && make install
for target in depmod insmod lsmod modinfo modprobe rmmod; do
ln -sv ../bin/kmod /sbin/$target
done
ln -sv kmod /bin/lsmod
4.5.53 安装 Libpipeline
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tools/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.54 安装 Make
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.55 安装 Patch
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
4.5.56 安装 systemd
设置编译参数:
cat > config.cache << "EOF"
KILL=/bin/kill
HAVE_BLKID=1
BLKID_LIBS="-lblkid"
BLKID_CFLAGS="-I/tools/include/blkid"
HAVE_LIBMOUNT=1
MOUNT_LIBS="-lmount"
MOUNT_CFLAGS="-I/tools/include/libmount"
cc_cv_CFLAGS__flto=no
EOF
修复util-linux编译错误:
sed -i "s:blkid/::" $(grep -rl "blkid/blkid.h")
patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-219-compat-1.patch
sed -i "s:test/udev-test.pl ::g" Makefile.in
准备编译 systemd:
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--config-cache \
--with-rootprefix= \
--with-rootlibdir=/lib \
--enable-split-usr \
--disable-gudev \
--disable-firstboot \
--disable-ldconfig \
--disable-sysusers \
--without-python \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-219 \
--with-dbuspolicydir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d \
--with-dbussessionservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/services \
--with-dbussystemservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services
编译并安装:
make LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib
make LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib install
mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_{myhostname,mymachines,resolve}.so.2 /lib
创建也sysvinit兼容的符号链接:
for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do
ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/${tool}
done
ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init
修复错误:
sed -i "s:0775 root lock:0755 root root:g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf
sed -i "/pam.d/d" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/etc.conf
创建/etc/machine-id文件:
systemd-machine-id-setup
4.5.57 安装 D-Bus
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/dbus-1.8.16 \
--with-console-auth-dir=/run/console
make && make install
移动共享库:
mv -v /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so) /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so
ln -sfv /etc/machine-id /var/lib/dbus
4.5.58 安装 Util-linux
新建hwclock目录:
mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock
准备编译 Util-linux:
./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.26 \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--without-python
make && make install
4.5.59 安装 Man-DB
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-2.7.1 \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap
make && make install
移除不存在的用户:
sed -i "s:man root:root root:g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/man-db.conf
4.5.60 安装 Tar
FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin
make && make install
make -C doc install-html docdir=/usr/share/doc/tar-1.28
4.5.61 安装 Texinfo
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex
修复信息页不同步:
pushd /usr/share/info
rm -v dir
for f in *
do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
done
popd
4.5.62 Vim 的安装
修改默认配置文件位置为/etc:
echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
建立vi的符号链接:
ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
for L in /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
done
安装文档:
ln -sv ../vim/vim74/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-7.4
设置 Vim:
cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
" Begin /etc/vimrc
set nocompatible
set backspace=2
syntax on
if (&term == "iterm") || (&term == "putty")
set background=dark
endif
" End /etc/vimrc
EOF
lfs-7.7学习笔记(1)准备篇
lfs-7.7学习笔记(2)构建临时系统
lfs-7.7学习笔记(3)构建 LFS 系统
lfs-7.7学习笔记(4)系统配置